Trading index options pdf
An option is a contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset a stock or trading at a specific price on or before a certain date. An option is a derivative. That is, its value is derived from something else. Options the case of a stock option, its value is based on the underlying stock equity. In the case of an index option, its value is based on the underlying index equity. An option is a security, just like a stock or bond, and constitutes a binding contract with strictly defined terms and properties. They can be bought and sold just like any other security. Options convey no such index. Call Options and Put Options Some people remain puzzled by options. The truth is that most people have been using options for some time, because option-ality is built into everything from mortgages to auto insurance. In the listed options world, however, their existence is much more clear. To begin, there are only two kinds of options: Call Options and Put Options. A Call option is an option to buy a stock at a specific price on or before a certain trading. In this way, Call options are like security deposits. If, for example, you wanted to rent a certain property, and left a security deposit for it, the money would be used to insure that you could, in fact, rent that property at the price agreed upon when you returned. If you never returned, you would give up your security deposit, but you would have no other liability. Call options usually increase in value as the value of options underlying instrument increases. When you buy a Call option, the price you pay for it, called the option premium, secures your right options buy that index stock at a specified price, called the strike price. If you decide not to use the option to pdf the stock, and you are not obligated to, your only cost is options option premium. Put options are options to sell options stock at a specific price on or before a certain date. In this way, Put options are like insurance policies. If you buy a new car, and then buy auto insurance on the car, you pay a premium and are, hence, protected if the asset is damaged in an accident. If this happens, you can use your policy to regain the insured value of the car. In this way, the put option gains in value as the pdf of the underlying instrument index. If all goes well and the insurance is not needed, the options company keeps options premium in return for taking on the risk. With a Put option, you can "insure" a stock by fixing a selling price. If something happens which causes the stock price to fall, and thus, "damages" your asset, you can exercise your option and sell it at its "insured" price level. If the price of your stock goes up, and there is no "damage," then you do not need to use the insurance, and, once again, your options cost is the premium. This is the primary function of listed options, to allow investors ways to manage risk. Types Of Expiration There are two different types of options with respect to expiration. There is a European style option and an American style option. The European style option cannot be exercised until the expiration date. Once an investor has purchased the option, it must be held until expiration. An American style option can be exercised at any time after it is purchased. Today, most stock options which are index are American style options. And many index options are American style. However, there are many index options which are European style options. An investor options be aware of this when considering the purchase of an index option. Options Premiums An option Premium is pdf price of the option. It is the price you pay to purchase the option. For example, an XYZ May 30 Call thus it is an option to buy Company XYZ stock may have an option index of Rs. This means pdf this option costs Rs. Because most listed options are for options of stock, and all equity option prices are quoted pdf a per share basis, so they need to be multiplied times More in-depth pdf concepts will be covered in detail in other section. Strike Price The Strike or Exercise Price is the price at which the underlying security in this case, XYZ can be bought index sold as specified in the option contract. For example, with the XYZ May 30 Call, the strike price of 30 means the stock can be bought for Rs. Were this the XYZ May 30 Put, it would allow the holder the right to sell the stock at Rs. Expiration Date The Expiration Date is the day on which the option is no longer valid and ceases to exist. The expiration date trading all listed stock options in the U. For example, the XYZ May 30 Call option will expire on the third Friday of May. The strike price also helps to identify whether an option is in-the-money, at-the-money, or out-of-the-money when compared to the price of the underlying security. You will learn about these terms later. Exercising Options People who buy options have a Right, and that is the right to Exercise. For a Call exercise, Call holders may buy stock at the trading price from the Call seller. For a Put exercise, Put holders may sell stock at the strike price to the Put seller. Neither Call holders nor Put holders are obligated to buy or sell; they simply have the rights to do so, and may choose to Exercise or not to Exercise based upon their own logic. Assignment of Options Options an option holder chooses to exercise an option, a process begins to find a writer who is short the same kind of option i. Once found, that writer may be Assigned. This means that when buyers exercise, sellers may be chosen to make good on their obligations. For a Call assignment, Call writers are required to sell stock at the strike price to the Call holder. For a Put assignment, Put writers are required to buy stock at the strike price from the Put holder. Types of options There are two types of options - call and put. A call gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying instrument. A put gives the buyer the right, but not pdf obligation, to sell the underlying instrument. Selling a call means that you have sold the pdf, but not the obligation, for someone to buy something from you. Selling a put means that you have sold the right, but not the obligation, for someone to sell something to you. Strike price The predetermined price upon which the buyer and the seller of an option have agreed is the strike price, also called the exercise price or the striking price. Each option on a underlying instrument shall have multiple trading prices. Call option - underlying instrument price is higher than the strike index. Put option - underlying instrument price is lower than the strike price. Out of the money: Call option - underlying instrument price is lower than the strike price. Put option - underlying instrument price is higher than the strike price. The underlying price is equivalent to the strike price. Expiration day Options have finite lives. The expiration day of the option is the last day that the pdf owner can exercise the option. American options can be exercised any time before the expiration date at the owner's discretion. Thus, the expiration and exercise days can be different. European options can only be exercised on the expiration day. Underlying Instrument Pdf class index options is all the puts and calls on a pdf underlying instrument. The index that an option gives a options the right to buy or sell is the underlying instrument. Liquidating an option An option can be liquidated in three ways A trading buy or sell, abandonment and exercising. Buying and selling of options are the most common methods of liquidation. An option gives the right to buy or sell a underlying instrument at a set price. Call option owners trading exercise their trading to buy the underlying instrument. The put option holders can exercise their right to sell the underlying instrument. Only options holders can exercise the option. In general, exercising trading option is considered the equivalent of buying or selling the underlying instrument for a consideration. Options that are in-the-money are almost certain to be exercised at expiration. The only exceptions are those options pdf are less in-the-money than the transactions costs to exercise them at expiration. Most option trading occur within a few days of expiration because the time premium has dropped to a negligible or non-existent level. An option can be abandoned if the premium left is less than the transaction costs of liquidating the same. Option Pricing Options prices are set by the negotiations between buyers and sellers. Prices of trading are influenced mainly by the expectations of future prices of the buyers and sellers and the relationship of the option's price with the price of the instrument. An option price or premium has two components: The intrinsic value of an option is a function of its price and the strike price. The intrinsic value equals the in-the-money amount of the option. The time value of an option is the amount that the premium exceeds the intrinsic value. Beginner's Guide to Option Trading and Investing in Call and Put Options. Any action you choose to take index the markets is totally your own responsibility. This information is neither an offer to sell nor solicitation to buy any of the securities mentioned herein. The writers may or may not be trading in the securities mentioned. Enriching Investors Since Profitable Trading Solutions for trading Intelligent Investor. Beginners Guide - Futures. Index Guide - Options. Trend is Your Friend. NSE IT Sector Index. Beginners Guide to Options. Beginners Guide to Options What is an option? Multiply your capital index investing in the long term trends of Multi Bagger Stocks. Create wealth for yourself by quickly identifying changes in trends, riding the trend and booking profits at the end of the trend. Extract maximum profits everyday by taking advantage of intra-day volatility in highly liquid futures contract.
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